Effects of Single and Combined Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Cyfluthrin and Copper on Digestive Gland Histology of Lymnaea stagnalis

Pyrethroid insecticides and heavy metals frequently co-exist in aquatic systems, due to intensive anthropogenic activities, their effects on organisms are needed be investigated. In the present work, single combined of environmentally realistic concentrations cyfluthrin copper digestive gland histology freshwater pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) were evaluated. Snails exposed 1 µg/L cyfluthrin, 10 copper, + mixture for 96 h. Cyfluthrin-exposed samples showed apparent vacuolization, basal lamina separations, disrupted cells. Exposure alone gave rise enlargements tubule lumens intertubular area, degenerated tubules, atrophied basophilic cells, prominently ruptured nuclear some Cyfluthrin caused more severe histopathological changes gland. General tissue appearance was altered by degenerated, fused tubules lacking cellular structure; filled with content noted. Increased regions connective formations. Progressive disruption cells; cell atrophy also observed. The findings current study highlighted that at relevant a biological response L. stagnalis; however, this intense following co-exposure.